Arizona Western College Mechanical Measurement Strain Gage Lab Report helloi will upload the lab requirement along with an already written lab you can use

Arizona Western College Mechanical Measurement Strain Gage Lab Report helloi will upload the lab requirement along with an already written lab you can use but make sure you change every sentence completely with the same meaning also pics that weren’t taking by camera you can find them online so just change them. i think since you have an example this is very clear and i’d prefer to use but create a new one completely. The Resistance Strain Gauge
Nomenclature
Symbols
Name
σ
stress
p
Load
A
area
ε
strain
δ
defledction
E
Young Modulus of Elasticity
L
Original length
m
Suspended mass
g
Accelaration due to gravity
d
Load to gauge distabce
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The Resistance Strain Gauge
Table of Contents
Nomenclature ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
List of tables………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
List of figures ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Experimental Setup ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6
Results and calculations ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
Results ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10
Calculations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9
Conclusion and recommendation ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
References …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12
List of tables
Table 1: Raw data of strain, voltage and deflection…………………………………………………………………. 10
List of figures
Figure 1: Metallic strain gauge ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Figure 2. The Moment and shear diagram ……………………………………………………………………………….. 6
Figure 3: A Wheat stone bridge circuit ……………………………………………………………………………………. 7
Figure 4: The unstressed dummy gage for temperature compensation (Vogel, 1990). …………………… 7
Figure 5: A diagrams of a resistance strain gauge …………………………………………………………………….. 8
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The Resistance Strain Gauge
Figure 6: A strain indicator and recorder. ………………………………………………………………………………… 9
Figure 7: A graph of Voltage (mV) against deflection (inch). ……………………………………………………. 9
Figure 8: A graph of stress measurement against Voltage (calibration curve). ……………………………… 9
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The Resistance Strain Gauge
Introduction
A strain gauge is a device in which the electrical resistance varies in proportion to the amount of
strain in the device. It is a common method used to measure the amount of strain in a device. In this
lab, we are using the bonded metallic strain gauge to measure the strain. It is made of a thin wire or a
metallic foil arranged in a grid pattern that maximizes the amount of metallic wire or a foil subjected
to strain in a parallel direction (da Silva, 2002). The cross-sectional area of the grid is minimized to
reduce the effect of shear strain in the parallel direction. The grid is bonded to the backing called the
carrier attached to the test specimen. The strain that is experienced by the specimen is then
transferred to the strain gauge which respond with a linear change in electrical resistance. The
voltage across the resistance is then measured and recorded against the strain in a results table. The
figure below is a metallic strain gauge showing its parts.
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The Resistance Strain Gauge
Experimental Setup
The experiment was performed using the metallic strain gauge and a strain indicator and a beam.
The strain gauges were assembled on a specimen. The active strain gage was placed on the bottom of
the beam at mid span where the bending stress is at maximum. The digital gage was connected with
the switcher with the strain gauge on the specimen. The digital strain indicator was calibrated when
no load was on the specimen. The values of voltage was then recorded for each strain gage
measurements. An equation was derived from the experimental setup to be able to calculate the
value of strain from the deflection obtained from the experiment.
Figure 1. The Moment and shear diagram
Figure 2: A Wheat stone bridge circuit
The purpose of this bridge circuit was to measure electric resistance. It does so balancing the two
legs of the circuit where one leg is of an unknown component. The major benefit associated with this
circuit is the ability to give accurate measurement. The known resistance is adjusted till the bridge
balances insinuating that there is no current that flows across the galvanometer.
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The Resistance Strain Gauge
Figure 3: The unstressed dummy gage for temperature compensation (Vogel, 1990).
A strain gauge makes use of the physical properties of the electrical conductance and their
dependence on the geometry of conductor. When the electrical conductor is stretched such that the
elasticity limits are not exceeded, it becomes longer and narrower which makes the electrical
resistance to increase from end to end (Vaziri, 1992). Additionally, when it is compressed, it
shortens and broadens thereby decreasing the electrical resistance.
Figure 4: A diagrams of a resistance strain gauge
Page 6 of 12
The Resistance Strain Gauge
Figure 5: A strain indicator and recorder.
Equations
Equation 1
3
=
3 1
This equation expresses the stress and can be used to calculate the modulus of elasticity.
=
3
3
Equation 2
Since the beam is basically a bending beam. The amount of stress that is exerted on both the top and
bottom areas of the beam are expressed as:
= ℇ =
Equation 3
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.

The Resistance Strain Gauge
From the equation of stress (equation 2), modulus of elasticity can be expressed in terms of stress
and strain as:
=
Results and calculations
Results
Table 1: Raw data of strain, voltage and deflection
δ(in)
V(mV) Strain, σ
0
0.016
0
0.1
0.064 0.045267
0.2
0.112
0.36214
0.3
0.16 1.222222
0.4
0.208 2.897119
0.5
0.257 5.658436
0.6
0.305 9.777778
0.7
0.353 15.52675
0.8
0.401 23.17695
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The Resistance Strain Gauge
y = 0.4817x + 0.0158
R² = 1
0.45
0.4
0.35
Voltage (mV)
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
deflection, δ(in)
Figure 6: A graph of Voltage (mV) against deflection (inch).
The graph is constructed using the values of measured deflection and voltage obtained from the
strain gauge. There is linear relationship between the deflection and the amount of voltage observed
in the voltmeter. The graph has a positive gradient.
Figure 7: A graph of stress measurement against Voltage (calibration curve).
The curve has a positive gradient with an equation412.31 3 − 23.401 2 + 0.9169 − 0.017. This
is the equation giving the best fit line for the data points
Calculations

=
=

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The Resistance Strain Gauge
=
= ∫ = ∫ = + = (− ) +
.

= , − = ( )
=
1
1
1 2
1
∫ = ∫ − = (
− ) + = ( 2 − )

2

=
1
∫( 2 − )

=
1 3 2
(
−
)
6
6
= 2 (3 − )
=
3
3
ℎ3
=
12
The values of I is 2.7 10−7 −1, E is 210 106 , P is 7700 / 3 , Lis the values of the measured
deflection.
Calculation of modulus of elasticity
The applied force is 1.44N
=
3
3
3
= =
3
=
=

= 2.078 10−14N/m2 and = 9.9 10−26
2.078 10−17
9.9 10−26
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= 2.10^108 Pa
The Resistance Strain Gauge
Conclusion and recommendation
A calibration curve is obtained by plotting the value of voltage and the calculated strain. A graph is
best fit giving a polynomial equation of the third order as shown in figure 1. The modulus of
elasticity obtained for the experiment is 2.10^108 Pa. The modulus of elasticity is calculated using
the values of stress and strain. The experiment was therefore successful as the intended results for
the experiment were achieved. For this lab, the procedures to setup the strain gage measurements are
not provided and this is a major recommendations for future improvements. The exact process of
performing the lab was not therefore ascertained.
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The Resistance Strain Gauge
References
Da Silva, J. G. (2002). A strain gauge tactile sensor for finger-mounted applications. IEEE
Transactions on Instrumentation and measurement, 51(1) . 18-22.
Vaziri, M. &. (1992). Etched fibers as strain gauges. Journal of lightwave technology,, 836-841.
Vogel, J. H. (1990). The automated measurement of strains from three-dimensional deformed
surfaces. JOM, 8-13.
Page 12 of 12
MECH 4400
Strain Gage Lab
Due: 10/31/18
This report will be a technical memo style lab report. The first page of the report will be
a memo that includes the date, who the report is to and from and also the subject. In paragraph
form include an experimental setup, procedure, and results. Include figures, graphs, and tables
after the narrative portion of the report. The raw data includes measured deflection and the
voltage output for each. See table 1 for measured data. The calculated result will be strain at the
strain gage location. Combine Equation 1, 2, 3 and information from the shear and moment
diagrams to formulate an equation that can be used to calculate strain based on the measured
deflection. The voltage and strain values can then be used to generate a calibration curve and
equation in excel. Finally use a known applied force to calculate the modulus of elasticity of the
test bar material.
=
3
3
Equation 1
Equation 2
Equation 3
δ (in)
V (mV)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.016
0.064
0.112
0.16
0.208
0.257
0.305
0.353
0.401
Table 1: Strain Gage Lab Measured Data

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